(INDIANAPOLIS) - Indiana is positioning itself as a national leader in environmental regulation after state officials approved a new permitting framework aimed at strengthening oversight of coal ash disposal and management.
Last week, the Indiana Environmental Rules Board voted to adopt a Coal Combustion Residuals (CCR) rule developed by the Indiana Department of Environmental Management. The decision clears the way for Indiana to submit its own coal ash permitting program to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for federal approval.
If approved, Indiana would become one of only a handful of states authorized to run a comprehensive state-based program governing coal ash--an industrial byproduct of coal-fired power plants that can contain contaminants such as mercury and poses risks to soil and groundwater if improperly managed.
"Indiana continues to lead with practical, forward-looking solutions that protect our communities and strengthen stewardship of our natural resources," said Mike Braun. He said the program strikes a balance between environmental protection and the need for affordable, reliable energy.
The new rule would require any Indiana facility with coal ash units regulated under federal standards to obtain a state permit. IDEM estimates more than 100 coal ash units statewide would fall under the program. Permits would address facility design and operation, groundwater monitoring, closure requirements, recordkeeping, and financial assurance to ensure long-term accountability.
IDEM Commissioner Clint Woods said the rule equips the agency with stronger tools to manage what has become an emerging environmental concern.
"This rule will ensure coal residuals are managed safely and responsibly, protecting Hoosier communities and natural resources," Woods said. "It provides the permitting framework needed to continue that work."
National coal ash standards were first established by the EPA in 2015. Congress later authorized states to develop and operate their own programs, subject to federal approval. Indiana began its rulemaking process in 2021 and updated the proposal in 2025 to align with recent federal changes. To date, only four states have received EPA authorization for similar programs.
Once Indiana submits its plan, the EPA will have up to 180 days to review it and issue a final decision.
State officials say the coal ash rule also aligns with Indiana's broader strategy to turn coal byproducts into economic opportunity. The move complements recent work by the Indiana Rare Earth Recovery Council, which is exploring how coal waste could be used to extract rare earth elements and critical minerals vital to national security, manufacturing, and energy technologies.
"With clear rules and collaboration, Indiana has an opportunity to protect the environment while supporting jobs, innovation, and energy security," Woods said.
If approved by the EPA, the new permitting program would mark a significant shift in how coal ash is regulated in Indiana--placing oversight closer to home while elevating the state's role in shaping environmental policy nationwide.